Integration of Innate Immune Signaling (Trends in Immunology)

The last decades of research in innate immunology have revealed a multitude of sensing receptors that evaluate the presence of microorganisms or cellular damage in tissues. In the context of a complex tissue, many such sensing events occur simultaneously. Thus, the downstream pathways need to be integrated to launch an appropriate cellular response, to tailor the magnitude of the reaction to the inciting event, and to terminate it in a manner that avoids immunopathology. Here, we provide a conceptual overview of the crosstalk between innate immune receptors in the initiation of a concerted immune reaction to microbial and endogenous triggers. We classify the known interactions into categories of communication and provide examples of their importance in pathogenic infection.